The switchboard plays a very important role, as it is responsible for the distribution, but also for the protection of energy, which concerns the level of the end user. It is worth knowing that in the case of a three-phase switchboard, protection in the form of current circuits is necessary. At the same time, errors may occur during assembly, which result in the risk of fire or damage to equipment. It is worth knowing the most common errors and how to avoid them.
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How is it absolutely impossible to connect a 3-phase switchboard?
The electrical switchboard is primarily used for effective and safe management of electrical energy distribution. In the case of a three-phase one, you need to know that it has three modules. Properly installed, it guarantees a high level of quality and failure-free operation. Unfortunately, errors can occur. First of all, improper selection of devices can cause overload.
In addition, improperly selected wires, as well as fuses, prevent the correct connection of the switchboard. You must also remember to select the correct wires/sleeves and then tighten the terminal screw. You must be aware that connecting the terminals with straight sections of wires can lead to material shrinkage and, as a result, to burning out the installation.
You can't use a single terminal either. Not using a comb connection to distribute the power supply to the devices is also problematic. You can also use a distribution block. Deficiencies in the equipment, as well as not using a limiter, can result in incorrect operation. Too many or too few residual current circuit breakers are a mistake. Isolating switches should be placed in the upper part of the switchboard, otherwise the cables can become looped.
Electrical equipment of switchboards cannot be loaded by more than 80%. 3-phase differential is dangerous for single-phase circuits. Distribution of N, bridging it to each terminal is also a mistake. The method of running wires into the switchboard requires the selection of DY cables. The end of the installation pipe must be located in the center of the switchboard. The external insulation of the cable should reach the receiving wires. The wires placed under the clamp cannot have different diameters.
Too short cables from 3-phase switchboard
Electrical switchboards are available with a different number of modules. In addition, you should pay attention to their degree of protection and choose, for example, models with a tightness class of XP60, which ensures dust tightness. IP40 will also work well, which provides a high degree of protection against foreign bodies. It is problematic to choose too short cables leading out of a 3-phase switchboard.
In this case, you can extend the cables. A sleeve-type connection works very well, which is a good alternative to terminal strips. You can also use a box at the connection point and make the connection in it. In this case, remember to screw in the cable wires, then solder them and place them in the block. Sleeves that allow you to connect YDY and DY wires also work very well.
For connections under the plaster, boxes are the best choice. Of course, you can buy sleeves in a heat-shrinkable sleeve, which ensures a solid connection. The connecting cable is most often distributed using screw connections. In the case of replacing or modernizing the installation, it may turn out that it is too short to connect it to the switchboard. If it is not possible to replace it, it is best to choose copper crimp sleeves and then insulate them with heat-shrinkable sleeves. However, do not use the screwed version, which can damage the entire installation.
Inadequate cable routing in the 3-phase switchboard
The 3-phase electrical switchboard should be of the highest quality. This means that a durable housing must also be selected. The question also arises - what to do in the event of improper cable routing in the 3-phase switchboard. It should be known that the current flowing through the neutral wire cannot be greater than that flowing in any of the phases. Therefore, the installation should be protected with phase differentials.
In the case of a three-phase cable, it is necessary to use three single-phase protections. As you know, such work is not easy and requires a lot of knowledge and skills. This means that repairs done independently can be very dangerous. All it takes is a poorly selected protection and the installation is overloaded. The effect can be not only damage to the equipment, but even a fire.