The efficiency of the central heating system is significantly influenced by the correct distribution of the heating medium to individual receivers in the house: traditional radiators, surface heating, and in the case of a mixed system - both to radiators and to the underfloor heating. The use of a distributor supports the effective distribution of heat in the system. In this article, we explain how radiator distributors work and what is the best place to mount them. We also look at the use of distributors in hybrid systems, i.e. based on both underfloor heating and radiators.
Check out radiator manifolds at the Onninen wholesaler
Application and use of distributors for radiators with underfloor heating
Splitters are specialist devices that enable effective heat diversification, temperature regulation in rooms and flexible separation of systems from each other. The following are available on the market:
- installation distributors – easy to install, most often found in residential buildings, used both in installations with traditional radiators and in underfloor heating, they ensure division into a sufficient number of circuits in most houses (approx. 10);
- boiler distributors – usually installed in boiler rooms and heating stations.
In central heating systems with traditional radiators, radiator manifolds are used. Such a manifold contains two beams: one supply and one return, as well as control and shut-off valves. It allows the creation of several to even a dozen or so heating loops.
However, floor heating installations require the connection of special manifolds for surface heating, equipped with control valves and flow meters (on the supply beam), which measure the height of the water stream in a given heating loop. The floor manifold allows the connection of a special thermostatic head, which can be controlled by automatics.
The use of both radiators and underfloor heating in a central heating system (so-called mixed system) requires the installation of mixed manifolds. These are unique designs that combine the functionality of both types described above:
- with a pump mixer with a thermostatic head on the underfloor heating side;
- with inserts for thermostatic valves on the supply beam and shut-off valves on the return beam on the central heating side
Connecting the distributor allows for smooth cooperation of radiators with surface heating and simplifies installation work. It is then possible to supply both systems with water at different temperatures. The water flow is optimally adjusted. In combination with modern automation, it is possible to actually reduce heating costs and significantly improve thermal comfort.
Principle of operation of radiator distributors
The radiator manifold is the "heart" of the heating system, responsible for distributing water to all loops, which translates into the efficiency, economy and comfort of the installation. Each manifold is equipped with:
- beams are usually made of brass or stainless steel, less often of plastic,
- thermostatic valves that provide automatic regulation of the system operation,
- flow meters, which are responsible for regulating the water flow,
- vents, which are used to bleed air from the system,
- heating medium supply and discharge valves,
- reducing nipples for connecting the beam and the pipe.
The manifold operates by regulating the circulation so that each heating loop maintains the same temperature. Measurement of values in individual loops and adjustment of flow are ensured by flow meters.
Effective bleeding of radiators with a distributor
Air-filled radiators are a common problem in homes and apartments, especially at the beginning of the heating season. Ignoring the problem will reduce the efficiency of the entire installation, which can seriously affect your heating bills and lead to the gradual destruction of system components. Therefore, when choosing a radiator manifold , it is worth paying attention to the venting and draining mechanism, which allows excess air to be removed from the heating pipes.
On the market, you can find distributors equipped with automatic air vents and manual air vents. The first solution is of course more convenient. When too much air collects in the radiator, the pressure inside the automatic air vent will change, which will cause the internal valve to open, release excess air and automatically close the valve again. Water will not leak from the system.
The use of radiator manifolds in a mixed system
Splitters are standard in mixed (hybrid) systems that combine underfloor heating with traditional radiators. Splitter:
- ensures even heat distribution throughout the entire installation and individual rooms;
- is responsible for maintaining the desired temperature in each heating loop;
- connects heating circuits, zones and radiators to create one perfectly integrated system.
Equipping a mixed heating installation with a manifold allows, thanks to a thermostatic valve connected to the underfloor heating, the use of cold water and mixing it with hot water flowing to the radiators, and then releasing it into the underfloor heating.
Where should the radiator manifold be mounted?
The distributors are mounted in dedicated cabinets, usually at a height of approx. 40-50 cm above the floor level, which supports proper venting of the installation. The supply lines should have the shortest possible route to the radiators. The compact designs of modern distributors take up a minimum of space. It is best to consult the location of the distributor with a specialist.
Radiator distributors at the Onninen wholesaler
In the Onninen plumbing and electrical wholesaler you will find a wide range of manifolds designed for surface heating and surface-radiator installations. These are modern, durable structures, equipped with beams, handles, valves and venting and draining mechanisms. We only cooperate with renowned manufacturers and suppliers of surface heating components. Our best-selling solution is the VESBO Premium brass manifold - manufactured in Poland, already assembled, i.e. ready to be attached to a cabinet. The material (brass type CW617N) guarantees maximum durability and operational reliability. Our assortment includes brass manifolds for connecting from 2 to even 12 circuits.