A sprinkler system is a fire extinguishing device that is permanently installed in buildings. It allows you to effectively fight fires of solids, as well as flammable liquids. How does a fire protection system with a sprinkler system work?
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How does the fire protection system work?
Fire protection systems are installed to ensure greater safety for people in facilities such as shopping malls, industrial facilities, warehouses, office buildings and many others. Modern systems can warn of threats very effectively, and in addition to fire, some variants can also detect toxic fumes and gases. When a threat is detected, alarm systems are activated to warn people in the facility that evacuation is necessary. Sprinkler systems use light and sound signals. Management systems allow messages to be sent to the appropriate services, as well as the building owner, which significantly speeds up the start of professional fire extinguishing. In addition to activating the sprinkler system, some fire protection variants also allow for smoke extraction from rooms.
Sprinkler installation
Sprinkler systems allow for early detection of fire, thanks to which it can be quickly extinguished or its spread can be limited. The principle of operation of a fire protection system based on injectors is based on selective extinguishing, which means that they are activated in the zone where the fire hazard has occurred. This is possible thanks to the special design of the system, which consists of:
- a pumping station with a tank containing a supply of water,
- pressure and distribution pipelines responsible for distributing water,
- sprinkler substations, which are equipped with control and alarm valves,
- sprinkler nets.
Depending on the variant of the fire protection system used, there are appropriate sensors in the installation - smoke, temperature. When the sensors detect a threat, the information is transferred to the control panel, which activates the appropriate systems. Modern installations allow for quick notification of the appropriate services, thanks to which professional help arrives faster.
In practice, a fire sprinkler system comes in three basic versions. The first is a wet system, which uses water to extinguish a fire. This is the most popular and most frequently used system. The basis is pipelines that supply water to the sprinkler system. Water is constantly present in the system, while sprinklers are placed in special ampoules that heat up to a specific level under the influence of temperature and then burst. When the ampoule is damaged, sprinklers are activated, which are designed to extinguish or reduce the fire hazard until the fire brigade arrives.
The second variant is a sprinkler system used in facilities where the ambient temperature is lower than 4 degrees Celsius or may temporarily drop below this value. In this variant, compressed air or nitrogen is present in the pipelines instead of water. When the ampoule signaling a fire hazard bursts, the gas is released from the system, and its reduced pressure results in the opening of the valve and the activation of the extinguishing system. Water is then injected into the pipelines, which allows the fire to be extinguished or limited in spread.
The last most commonly used variant is the pre-action dry sprinkler system. This is a variant that is recommended for use in facilities that are particularly exposed to the adverse effects of water. The pipe system is filled with compressed air, and in a dangerous situation, the extinguishing system is activated in two stages. First.
How do sprinklers work?
Sprinklers in fire protection systems 
are placed in special ampoules with a liquid that heats up and bursts under the influence of temperature. This situation is a signal that it is necessary to activate fire protection devices in a given room. After the ampoule bursts, sprinklers are activated - depending on the variant, water is immediately pumped from the pipeline under pressure, which allows to cool the source of the fire, leading to its extinguishing or limiting further spread of the fire. The special design of the sprinkler means that the water is evenly distributed throughout the room, which allows for more effective protection.
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