A sprinkler system is a fire extinguishing device that is permanently installed in buildings. It allows you to effectively fight fires of solid bodies and flammable liquids. How does a fire sprinkler system work?
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How the fire protection system works
Fire protection systems are installed to ensure greater safety for people in facilities such as shopping malls, industrial facilities, warehouses, office buildings and many others. Modern systems can very effectively warn against threats, and in addition to fire, some variants can also detect toxic vapors and gases. When a threat is detected, alarm systems are activated to warn people in the facility that evacuation is necessary. Sprinkler systems use light and sound signals. Management systems allow you to send messages to the appropriate services and the building owner, which significantly speeds up the initiation of professional firefighting operations. In addition to activating the sprinkler system, some fire protection variants also allow smoke removal from rooms.
Sprinkler system
Sprinkler systems allow for early detection of fire, so that it can be quickly extinguished or the spread limited. The principle of operation of a fire protection system based on injectors is selective extinguishing, which means that they are activated in the zone where a fire hazard occurred. This is possible thanks to the special design of the installation, which includes:
- a pumping station with a tank containing water,
- pressure and distribution pipelines responsible for water distribution,
- sprinkler substation, which is equipped with control and alarm valves,
- sprinkler grids.
Depending on the variant of the fire protection system used, the installation includes appropriate sensors - smoke and temperature. When the sensors detect a threat, the information is transmitted to the control panel, which activates the appropriate systems. Modern installations allow you to quickly notify the appropriate services, thanks to which professional help arrives faster.
In practice, fire sprinkler installations come in three basic variants. The first is a wet system in which water is used to extinguish. This is the most popular and most frequently used system. The basis are the pipelines that supply water to the sprinkler system. There is constant water in the installation, while the sprinklers are placed in special ampoules which, under the influence of temperature, heat up to a certain level and then burst. If the ampoule is damaged, the sprinklers are activated to extinguish or reduce the fire risk until the fire brigade arrives.
The second variant is a sprinkler installation, which is used in facilities where the ambient temperature is lower than 4 degrees Celsius or may temporarily drop below this value. In this variant, instead of water, there is compressed air or nitrogen in the pipelines. When the bulb signaling the fire hazard bursts, the gas is released from the system and its reduced pressure results in the opening of the valve and activation of the fire extinguishing system. Water is then injected into the pipelines to extinguish or limit the spread of fire.
The last most frequently used variant is a pre-action dry sprinkler installation. This variant is recommended for use in facilities that are particularly exposed to the adverse effects of water. The pipe system is filled with compressed air, and in an emergency, the extinguishing system is activated in two stages. First.
How sprinklers work
Sprinklers in fire protection installations 
they are placed in special ampoules with liquid that heats up and bursts under the influence of temperature. This situation is a signal that it is necessary to activate fire protection devices in a given room. After the bulb bursts, the sprinklers are activated - depending on the variant, water under pressure is immediately pumped from the pipeline, which cools the source of the fire, extinguishing it or limiting the further spread of the fire. The special design of the sprinkler distributes water evenly throughout the room, allowing for more effective protection.
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